摘要:
本文指出1946年苏联学者Четаев提出用首次积分的线性组合来构造李雅普诺夫函数后Четаев及其学生们解决保守系统的运动稳定性问题均用此方法.但是由于用试凑的方法解决起来比较麻烦,而且用他们的方法所得出的稳定性条件也不够完全,只能解决问题的纯虚根的情形,零根的情形却未考虑.本文提出利用降阶方法,也就是将微分方程通过消除循环坐标变换成标准形式,这样稳定性条件可直接由能量积分得出,用此方法计算起来不仅很简捷,而且零根情形亦可以考虑.因此对于具有两个循环坐标问题可以化成二阶系统并且很简捷地得到稳定性条件新结论.至于一个循环坐标问题,事实上Четаев及其学生们并未解决,例如外环为水平或任意角的陀螺仪的运动稳定性问题,但是用我们的方法却给出条件稳定与不稳定的条件.
Abstract:
In this paper,we indicate that after the Liapunov function by using linear combination of mechanical first integral was suggested by Chetayev in 1946. He and his students solved stability of conservative system by means of this method. But he had trouble to solve the problems by means of cut and try. Moreover, the condition of stability is imperfect. Solution by this method is limitedfor problems of purely imaginary roots. The cases of zero roots have not been considered. Condition of stability secured is more strict.This paper suggests that the differential equation can be transformed into standard form by method of cancellation of cyclic coordinates(method of lowering degree of order), and condition of stability can be determined by energy integral. By this method not only the computation is clear and concise. But also zero roots can be considered. Therefore the problems of two cyclic coordinates can be transformed into second-order system, and we get new conclusion of the condition of stability simply. As for problems of single cyclic coordinate, in fact, Chetayev and his students did not solve the stability of the gyroscope of outer-gimbal with horizontal axis or arbitrary angle. In this paper, it shows that the method suggested here is useful for stability of these problems. The condition of conditional stability and instability were derived.