Application of Sound Source Models to the Heated Subsonic Jet
-
摘要: 对亚声速转捩热射流中失稳波相关的噪声产生机制进行了研究,并与冷射流中的结果进行了对比.基于时均大涡模拟(LES)流场,通过求解线性抛物化稳定性方程(LPSE)得到了失稳波的空间演化特性,然后基于LPSE的解与声比拟方法构建了射流的线性及非线性声源模型.LPSE结果表明,加热可以提高失稳波的空间增长率,使其更早达到饱和.由线性模型分析可知,加热会提高高频模态的声压级(SPL).与冷射流相比,热射流中线性模型预测的声压级与大涡模拟结果间的差距更小,表明线性机制在热射流中作用更大.在亚声速冷射流中,非线性模型在之前的研究中已经被证明可以提高声辐射效率.在当前热射流中,发现非线性模型与大涡模拟间的声压级差距被进一步的缩小,且温度相关的声源项在声辐射中发挥更重要的作用.
-
关键词:
- 线性抛物化稳定性方程 /
- 失稳波 /
- 线性机制 /
- 非线性机制
Abstract: The noise generation mechanisms associated with instability waves in the heated subsonic transitional jet are studied, which are compared with its cold counterpart. The spatial evolution of instability waves is obtained by solving linear parabolized stability equations (LPSE) based on the time-averaged flow field of the large eddy simulation (LES). Then, the linear and nonlinear models for jet noise are built based on the LPSE solutions, coupled with the acoustic analogy. The LPSE results show that heating increases the spatial-growth rate and leads to earlier saturation. For high-frequency components, the sound pressure levels (SPL) are raised by heating as shown in the linear model. In general, compared with that for the cold jet, the gap of SPL between the linear model and the LES is reduced for the heated jet, which indicates that the linear mechanism plays a more important role in the hot jet. For a cold subsonic jet, previous studies have shown that the nonlinear model is able to raise acoustic efficiency. Here, it is found that the gap of SPL between the nonlinear model and the LES could be further decreased in the hot jet, and the thermodynamic sound source terms play a bigger role.-
Key words:
- LPSE /
- instability wave /
- linear mechanism /
- nonlinear mechanism
-
[1] WAN Zhen-hua, YANG Hai-hua, ZHANG Xing-chen, SUN De-jun. Instability waves and aerodynamic noise in a subsonic transitional turbulent jet[J]. European Journal of Mechanics—B/Fluids,2016,57: 192-203. [2] Tam C K W, Viswanathan K, Ahuja K K, Panda J. The sources of jet noise: experimental evidence[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2008,615: 253-292. [3] Bishop K A, Ffowcs W J E, Smith W. On the noise sources of the unsuppressed high-speed jet[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1971,50(1): 21-31. [4] Tam C K W. Directional acoustic radiation from a supersonic jet generated by shear layer instability[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1971,46(4): 757-768. [5] Suzuki T, Colonius T. Instability waves in a subsonic round jet detected using a near-field phased microphone array[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2006,565: 197-226. [6] Jordan P, Colonius T. Wave packets and turbulent jet noise[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics,2013,45: 173-195. [7] Cavalieri A V G, Jordan P, Agarwal A, Gervais Y. Jittering wave-packet models for subsonic jet noise[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2011,330(18/19): 4474-4492. [8] Cavalieri A V G, Daviller G, Comte P, Jordan P, Tadmor G, Gervais Y. Using large eddy simulation to explore sound-source mechanisms in jets[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(17): 4098-4113. [9] Cavalieri A V G, Rodríguez D, Jordan P, Colonius T. Wavepackets in the velocity field of turbulent jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2013,730: 559-592. [10] Cavalieri A V G, Agarwal A. Coherence decay and its impact on sound radiation by wavepackets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2014,748: 399-415. [11] Rodríguez D, Cavalieri A V G, Colonius T, Jordan P. A study of linear wavepacket models for subsonic turbulent jets using local eigenmode decomposition of PIV data[J]. European Journal of Mechanics—B/Fluids,2015,49(B): 308-321. [12] Cheung L C. Aeroacoustic noise prediction and the dynamics of shear layers and jets using the nonlinear parabolized stability equations[D]. Stanford University, 2007. [13] Bertolotti F P, Herbert Th. Analysis of the linear stability of compressible boundary layers using the PSE[J]. Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, 1991,3(2):117-124. [14] Bertolotti F P, Herbert Th, Spalart P R. Linear and nonlinear stability of the Blasius boundary layer[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1992,242: 441-474. [15] Rodríguez D, Sinha A, Brès G A, Colonius T. Parabolized stability equation models in turbulent supersonic jets[C]//18th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (33rd AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference).2012: AIAA-2012-2117. [16] Sinha A, Rodríguez D, Brès G A, Colonius T. Wavepacket models for supersonic jet noise[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2014,742: 71-95. [17] Sandham N D, Morfey C L, Hu Z W. Nonlinear mechanisms of sound generation in a perturbed parallel jet flow[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006,565:1-23. [18] Sandham N D, Salgado A M. Nonlinear interaction model of subsonic jet noise[J]. Philosophical Transactions, Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences,2008,366(1876): 2745-2760. [19] WAN Zhen-hua, ZHOU Lin, YANG Hai-hua, SUN De-jun. Large eddy simulation of flow development and noise generation of free and swirling jets[J]. Physics of Fluids,2013,25(12): 126103. [20] Herbert Th. Parabolized stability equations[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics ,1997,29: 245-283. [21] Andersson P, Henningson D S, Hanifi A. On a stabilization procedure for the parabolic stability equations[J]. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 1998,33(3): 311-332. [22] Lilley G M. On the noise from jets[C]// Noise Mechanisms.1974: Agard cp-131. [23] Goldstein M E. An exact form of Lilley’s equation with a velocity quadrupole/temperature dipole source term[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2001,443: 231-236. [24] Ray P K, Lele S K. Sound generated by instability wave/shock-cell interaction in supersonic jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2007,587:173-215. [25] Bodony D J, Lele S K. On using large-eddy simulation for the prediction of noise from cold and heated turbulent jets[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2005,17(8): 085103. [26] Mollo-Christensen E, Kolpin M A, Martuccelli J R. Experiments on jet flows and jet noise far-field spectra and directivity patterns[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1964,18(2): 285-301. [27] Lush P A. Measurements of subsonic jet noise and comparison with theory[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1971,46(3): 477-500. [28] Stromberg J L, McLaughlin D K, Troutt T R. Flow field and acoustic properties of a Mach number 0.9 jet at a low Reynolds number[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration ,1980,72(2):159-176. [29] Tanna H K. An experimental study of jet noise part I: turbulent mixing noise[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1977,50(3): 405-428. [30] Bogey C, Barré S, Fleury V, Bailly C, Juvé D. Experimental study of the spectral properties of near-field and far-field jet noise[J].Int J Aeroacoust,2007,6(2): 73-92. [31] Suponitsky V, Sandham N D, Agarwal A. On the Mach number and temperature dependence of jet noise: results from a simplified numerical model[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(17): 4123-4138. [32] Cavalieri A V G, Jordan P, Colonius T, Gervais Y. Axisymmetric superdirectivity in subsonic jets[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2012,704: 388-420. [33] Suponitsky V, Sandham N D, Morfey C L. Linear and nonlinear mechanisms of sound radiation by instability waves in subsonic jets[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2010,658:509-538. [34] Towne A, Colonius T, Jordan P, Cavalieri A V, Brès G A. Stochastic and nonlinear forcing of wavepackets in a Mach 0.9 jet[C]//21st AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Dallas, TX, 2015: AIAA-2015-2217.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 519
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 741
- 被引次数: 0