Numerical Study on Dynamic Responses and Failure Behaviours of Aramid Fabrics Subject to Blast Loads
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摘要: 为了研究柔性纤维织布的抗爆性能，通过数值模拟的方法对芳纶纤维织布在爆炸冲击下的响应与失效行为进行了分析。对国产芳纶纤维织布H1000D-AP220进行了力学性能试验，建立了柔性平纹织布的本构模型和爆炸冲击数值分析模型，对不同厚度不同铺层角度织布进行了爆炸冲击数值分析，获得了织布在不同爆炸载荷下的动态响应和失效模式。结果表明，织布在爆炸冲击载荷下主要表现为中心撕裂破孔和简支边界处拉伸撕裂2种典型的失效模式，并伴有明显褶皱，宽度方向出现织布向内侧收缩翻转现象；相比于中间层织布，迎爆面和背爆面吸能较多；在计算分析中改变了织布的层叠角度，获得了更好的抗爆效果。Abstract: In order to study the anti-blast performance of flexible fabrics, the dynamic response and failure behavior of aramid fabric under blast impact were analyzed with the numerical simulation method. Mechanical tests of aramid fabric H1000D-AP220 were carried out, and the constitutive model for woven fabric and the explosive numerical analysis model were established. The dynamic responses and failure modes of the fabrics under different loads were obtained by the analysis of fabrics with different thicknesses and different stacking angles. The results show that, there are 2 typical failure modes of fabrics under the explosive impact: the failure of the central hole and the tensile tear at the boundary, with obvious folds in the width direction of the fabric. The front and back layers absorb more energy than the middle ones. Better anti-explosion ability can be achieved through adjustment of the fabric stacking angle.
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Key words:
- aramid fabric /
- blast impact /
- dynamic response /
- failure mode /
- numerical analysis
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图 1 准静态拉伸试验件（单位： mm）
Figure 1. The specimen for the quasi-static tensile test (unit： mm)
图 2 芳纶织布单轴拉伸试验及材料模型的应力-应变曲线
Figure 2. Stress-strain curves in longitudinal uniaxial tension and stress-strain curves of the fabric model
图 3 织布单轴拉伸试验件典型失效过程
Figure 3. The typical failure process of the fabric specimen from the uniaxial tensile test
图 5 不同应变率下芳纶纤维织布的应力-应变曲线
Figure 5. Stress-strain curves of aramid fiber fabrics under different strain rates
图 9 织布弹道冲击数值分析结果
Figure 9. Numerical analysis results of the fabric under ballistic impact
图 10 试验和数值分析织布损伤形貌对比
Figure 10. Comparison of damage morphology between the test and the numerical analysis
图 12 60 g药量100 mm爆距下，9 mm织布冲击波的传播过程
Figure 12. Shock wave propagation of the 9 mm woven fabric under a 60 g charge and an 100 mm stand-off distance
图 13 20 g 药量150 mm爆距下，6 mm织布变形和失效情况
Figure 13. Deformation and failure of the 6 mm fabric under a 20 g charge and an 150 mm stand-off distance
图 14 20 g药量150 mm爆距下，6 mm织布吸能情况
Figure 14. Different layers’ energy absorptions of the 6 mm fabric under a 20 g charge and an 150 mm stand-off distance
图 16 60 g 药量100 mm爆距下，6 mm织布应变云图
Figure 16. Strain contours of the 6 mm fabric under a 60 g charge and an 100 mm stand-off distance
图 17 不同厚度的织布中心点位移时程曲线
Figure 17. Displacement time histories of fabrics with different thicknesses
图 18 9 mm织布未破坏层位移时程曲线
Figure 18. Displacement time histories of fabrics without failure
图 20 [(0/90)(90/0)(±45)(
$ \mp $ 45)]n铺层织布Figure 20. The [(0/90)(90/0)(±45)(
$ \mp $ 45)]n stacking sequence
图 21 0.08 ms不同铺层角度织布应力云图
Figure 21. Stress contours of fabrics with different stacking angles at 0.08 ms
图 22 不同铺层方式的能量吸收对比
Figure 22. Energy absorption comparison of different stacking sequences
图 23 [(0/90)(90/0)(±45)(
$ \mp $ 45)]n铺层失效Figure 23. Failure of the [(0/90)(90/0)(±45)(
$ \mp $ 45)]n fabric表 1 芳纶织布的主要参数指标
Table 1. Parameters of the aramid fabric
area density ρa / (g/m2) yarn linear density D/ tex thickness T/ mm yarn cross-sectional area C/ mm2 fabric density R/(root/10 cm) 217 111.1 0.31 0.157 94 
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表 2 准静态拉伸试验矩阵
Table 2. Quasi-static tensile test matrix
test type direction tensile rate VT /（mm/min） quantity quasi-static warp 20 3 fill 20 3
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表 3 动态拉伸试验矩阵
Table 3. The dynamic tensile test matrix
test №. test type direction strain rate $\dot \varepsilon $/ s−1 1 dynamic warp 474 2 512 3 660 4 724
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表 4 材料模型参数输入值
Table 4. Material model parameters
variable description unit value RO density g/mm3 0.000 7 EA modulus of elasticity in the warp direction GPa 32 EB modulus of elasticity in the fill direction GPa 30 EACRF factor for the crimp region modulus of elasticity in the warp direction − 0.28 EBCRF factor for the crimp region modulus of elasticity in the fill direction − 0.21 EACRP crimp strain in the warp direction − 0.003 1 EBCRP crimp strain in the fill direction − 0.004 3 EASF factor for the post-peak region modulus of elasticity in the warp direction − −5.24 EBSF factor for the post-peak region modulus of elasticity in the fill direction − −4.67 EAMAX strain at the peak stress in the warp direction − 0.034 EBMAX strain at the peak stress in the fill direction − 0.034 SIGPOST stress value in the post-peak region where nonlinear behavior begins MPa 70 C strain rate parameter s−1 0.5 P strain rate parameter − 3.0 DFAC damage factor − 0.3 EMAX erosion strain of the element − 0.3 EAFAIL erosion strain in the warp direction − 0.2 EBFAIL erosion strain in the fill direction − 0.2
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表 5 试验和数值分析结果对比
Table 5. Comparison of test and numerical analysis results
test №. number of fabric layers initial velocity ${V_{\rm{i}}}$ /(m/s) residual velocity ${V_{\rm{r}}}$ /(m/s) absorbed energy percent $\Delta E$ /% ${\delta _{{\rm{AEPD}}}}$/% test simulation test simulation 1 2 137.4 130.4 121 9.93 22.4 −12.47 2 4 129.8 106.0 112 33.3 25.5 7.8 3 6 133.8 85.8 71.6 58.9 71.4 −12.5 4 8 131.8 0 0 1 1 0 5 6 122.0 22.27 15.6 96.7 98.4 −1.7 6 6 152.4 103.8 98.5 53.6 58.2 −4.6
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表 6 TNT材料参数
Table 6. Material properties of TNT
variable value density ρTNT/( kg/m3) 1 630 detonation velocity ${V_{\rm{D} } }/\rm{(m/s)}$ 6 930 Chapman-Jouget pressure ${p_{ {\rm{C} }{\text{-} }{\rm{J} } } } /\rm{GPa}$ 21 A/GPa 3 740 B/GPa 3.74 R1 4.15 R2 0.9 ω 0.35 E0/(MJ/m3) 6 000
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表 7 空气材料参数
Table 7. Material properties of air
variable value density ρa /( kg/m3) 1.29 C4 0.4 C5 0.4 E0 /(MJ/m3) 0.25 V0 1
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表 8 数值分析矩阵
Table 8. The matrix of numerical analysis
simulation №. charge M/g distance S/mm fabric thickness T/mm 1 20 150 3 2 6 3 9 4 60 100 6 5 9 6 12
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