Ultralow Friction Whipping Effects of Sandstone Blocks Based on FLAC-3D
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摘要:
随着矿山开采深度的持续增加，深部岩体力学行为呈现出新形式、新特征。广泛应用于建筑行业的鞭梢效应与深部岩体部分动力响应现象极为相似。故从结构特征出发，以砂岩块体为研究对象，工作块体（水平冲击作用块体）水平位移及加速度为参考指标，通过试验及FLAC-3D数值模拟计算的方式，探究工作块体“位置”及“尺寸”对其超低摩擦鞭梢效应影响机制。研究表明：系统产生超低摩擦鞭梢效应的难易程度与工作块体尺寸密切相关，模拟中工作块体边长为标准块体（边长100 mm立方体）边长2/5时，系统结构诱发超低摩擦鞭梢效应尤其显著；在一定范围内，工作块体所处位置距扰动源越远，超低摩擦鞭梢效应强度越大，当超过这一范围时，则会出现减小趋势，即超低摩擦鞭梢效应强度随工作块体与震源块体间距离呈先增后减关系。
Abstract:With the continual increase of mining depths, the mechanical behaviors of deep rock masses present new forms and new characteristics. The whipping effect widely used in the construction industry is very similar to the partial dynamic responses of deep rock masses. Based on the structural characteristics, with the sandstone blocks as the research object, and the horizontal displacement and acceleration of the working block (horizontally impacted block) as the reference indicators, by experiments and through FLAC-3D numerical simulations, the influential mechanisms of the working block positions and sizes on the ultralow friction whipping effects were investigated. The work shows that, the intensity of the system’s ultralow friction whipping effect is closely related to the size of the working block. In the simulation, when the side length of the working block is 2/5 of that of the standard block (with a cube side length of 100 mm), the system structure will induce particularly severe ultralow friction whipping effects; within a certain range, the farther the working block position is from the disturbance source, the greater the intensity of the ultralow friction whipping effect will be. Beyond this range, a decreasing trend will occur, that is, the ultralow friction whipping effect intensity will increase first and then decrease with the distance between the working block and the source block.
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Key words:
- stress wave disturbance /
- sandstone block /
- rock burst /
- FLAC-3D /
- ultralow friction whipping effect
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图 1 超低摩擦鞭梢效应理论基准模型
Figure 1. The theoretical model for the ultra low-friction whiplash effect of sandstone blocks
图 2 超低摩擦鞭梢效应理论基准模型模拟
Figure 2. The numerical simulation model for the ultra low-friction whiplash effect of sandstone blocks
图 4 不同水平静力作用下砂岩工作块体水平位移变化曲线
Figure 4. Horizontal displacement variation curves of the sandstone working block under different horizontal static forces
图 6 垂直扰动及水平静力作用下工作块体水平位移动态响应曲线：(a) 模拟结果；(b) 实验数据
Figure 6. Dynamic response curves of the horizontal displacement of the working block under vertical disturbance and horizontal static force: (a) the simulated results; (b) the test data
7 不同尺寸工作块体水平位移时程曲线：(a) 边长100 mm立方体试件；(b) 边长80 mm立方体试件；(c) 边长60 mm立方体试件；(d) 边长40 mm立方体试件；(e) 边长20 mm立方体试件
7. Time history curves of horizontal displacements of working blocks with different sizes: (a) the cubic specimen with a side length of 100 mm; (b) the cubic specimen with a side length of 80 mm; (c) the cubic specimen with a side length of 60 mm; (d) the cubic specimen with a side length of 40 mm; (e) the cubic specimen with a side length of 20 mm
8 工作块体加速度幅值变化曲线：(a) 边长100 mm立方体试件；(b) 边长80 mm立方体试件；(c) 边长60 mm立方体试件；(d) 边长40 mm立方体试件；(e) 边长20 mm立方体试件
8. Change curves of acceleration amplitudes of working blocks: (a) the cubic specimen with a side length of 100 mm; (b) the cubic specimen with a side length of 80 mm; (c) the cubic specimen with a side length of 60 mm; (d) the cubic specimen with a side length of 40 mm; (e) the cubic specimen with a side length of 20 mm
图 9 工作块体不同位置下水平位移时程曲线：(a) 工况1；(b) 工况2；(c) 工况3；(d) 工况4
Figure 9. Time history curves of horizontal displacements at different heights of the working block: (a) working condition 1; (b) working condition 2; (c) working condition 3; (d) working condition 4
图 10 不同工况下工作块体水平位移幅值变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation curve of horizontal displacement amplitude of working block under different working conditions
图 12 工作块体加速度幅值变化曲线：(a) 工况1；(b) 工况2；(c) 工况3；(d) 工况4
Figure 12. Change curves of acceleration amplitudes of the working block: (a) working condition 1; (b) working condition 2; (c) working condition 3; (d) working condition 4
图 13 工作块体加速度幅值变化曲线
Figure 13. Change curves of acceleration amplitudes of the working block
表 1 砂岩块体力学参数
Table 1. Physical parameters of sandstone blocks
parameter value ρ/(kg/m3) 2750 Rm/MPa 0.77 C /MPa 2.2 ϕ/(°) 30 E/GPa 5.39 υ 0.239 
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表 2 砂岩块体间接触面力学参数
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of contact surfaces between sandstone blocks
parameter value Rm /MPa 0.039 C /MPa 0.11 ϕ/(°) 15 kn/(GPa/m) 6342 ks/(GPa/m) 6342
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