Dynamic Response and Energy Absorption Performances of Multi-Walled Tube Reinforced Aluminum Foam Structure
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摘要: 为了提高泡沫铝吸能性能，该文将多壁管及泡沫铝材料相结合，提出了一种多壁管增强泡沫铝结构. 通过Hopkinson压杆试验以及有限元分析软件ABAQUS/Explicit，研究了泡沫铝、多壁管及其增强泡沫铝的动态压溃特性. 对比分析了泡沫铝复合多壁管前后的变形模式、吸能性能，并讨论了多壁管增强泡沫铝的应变率效应以及应变率对多壁管增强泡沫铝耦合增强作用的影响. 研究表明，有限元仿真能够较好地模拟试验结果. 测试结果表明所采用的泡沫铝应变率效应不明显，而多壁管及多壁管增强泡沫铝应变率效应较为明显，在高应变率下其能量吸收可进一步提升. 在动态冲击条件下，多壁管增强泡沫铝峰值力相比单一多壁管或泡沫有明显的耦合增强，其能量吸收相比单一多壁管及泡沫铝能量吸收之和提升10.34%. 通过研究多壁管增强泡沫铝的动态压溃特性，可为承载吸能构件的应用提供依据和参考.Abstract: In order to improve the energy absorption performance of the aluminum foam, a multi-wall tube reinforced aluminum foam was proposed. The dynamic crushing characteristics of the aluminum foam, the multi-wall tube, and the multi-wall tube reinforced aluminum foam were studied by Hopkinson pressure rod tests & finite element analysis with software ABAQUS/Explicit. The deformation mode and energy absorption of the aluminum foam was compared with those of the multi-wall tube reinforced aluminum foam, with the strain rate effect on the coupling enhancement discussed. The results show that, the finite element analysis can simulate the test results well. The strain rate effect on the aluminum foam is not obvious, while that on the multi-walled tube and the multi-wall tube reinforced aluminum foam is considerably obvious, and the energy absorption improves with higher strain rates. Under the dynamic impact condition, the peak strength of the multi-walled tube reinforced aluminum foam has obvious coupling enhancement compared with that of the multi-walled tube or the aluminum foam, and the corresponding energy absorption of the former increases by 10.34% over the sum of those of the latter ones. The study on dynamic crushing characteristics of the multi-walled tube reinforced aluminum foam provides a reference for the application of energy-absorbing load-carrying components.
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Key words:
- multiwalled tube /
- aluminum foam /
- dynamic characteristic /
- strain rate /
- coupling enhancement
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图 4 典型的泡沫铝波形图(v=3.8 m/s)
Figure 4. The typical waveforms for the aluminum foam (v=3.8 m/s)
图 7 泡沫铝动态变形过程(41 s-1)
Figure 7. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam (41 s-1)
图 8 泡沫铝动态变形过程(102 s-1)
Figure 8. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam (102 s-1)
图 10 EMWT应力-应变曲线试验及有限元结果对比
Figure 10. Comparison of EMWT stress-strain test curves with finite element results
图 11 多壁管动态变形过程(50 s-1)
Figure 11. The dynamic deformation process of the multi-walled tube (50 s-1)
图 12 多壁管动态变形过程(107 s-1)
Figure 12. The dynamic deformation process of the multi-walled tube (107 s-1)
图 13 多壁管增强泡沫铝的应变率
Figure 13. The strain rates of the multiwalled tube reinforced aluminum foam
图 15 MWTRF应力-应变曲线试验及有限元结果对比
Figure 15. Comparison of stress-strain test curves with finite element results of the MWTRF
图 16 多壁管增强泡沫铝动态变形过程(52 s-1)
Figure 16. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam enhanced by multi-walled tubes (52 s-1)
图 17 多壁管增强泡沫铝动态变形过程(108 s-1)
Figure 17. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam enhanced by multi-walled tubes (108 s-1)
图 18 多壁管增强泡沫铝动态变形过程(143 s-1)
Figure 18. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam enhanced by multi-walled tubes (143 s-1)
图 19 多壁管增强泡沫铝动态变形过程(202 s-1)
Figure 19. The dynamic deformation process of the aluminum foam enhanced by multi-walled tubes (202 s-1)
图 20 平均载荷随应变率的变化情况
Figure 20. The variations of the average load with the strain rates
图 22 能量吸收增强示意图
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本.
Figure 22. Schematic diagram of enhanced energy absorption
表 1 动态冲击试验试样参数
Table 1. Specimen parameters for dynamic impact tests
specimen number height h/mm diameter d1/mm diameter d2/mm thickness t/mm mass M/g AF-9 40 - 56.78 - 40.4 AF-5 40.015 - 56.715 - 43.2 AF-1 40.04 - 56.73 - 43.8 EMWT-2 40.00 31.80 31.80 1 16 EMWT-3 40.08 31.92 31.92 1 16.2 EMWT-1 40.02 31.99 31.99 1 16.2 EMWT-4 40.08 31.95 31.95 1 16.2 MWTRF-3 40.16 31.80 56.86 1 59 MWTRF-4 40.092 31.92 56.77 1 58.4 MWTRF-1 40.08 31.99 56.79 1 60.2 MWTRF-5 40.056 31.95 56.78 1 58.2 MWTRF-6 40.204 56.85 59.2 
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表 2 试验设置
Table 2. The test setup
sample speed 4 m/s 9 m/s 13 m/s 18 m/s AF √ √ - - EMWT √ √ - - MWTRF √ √ √ √
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表 3 材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters
material density ρ/(kg/m3) Young’s modulus E/MPa yield strength σy/MPa tensile strength σt/MPa Poisson’s ratio ν Al6061 2 700 70 000 190 230 0.3 Al foam 400 500 6.09 - 0.11
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