Numerical Simulation of Stand-Off Distance Effects on Explosive Welding Quality of Titanium-Stainless Steel
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摘要: 研究了基复板间距对钛(TP 270C)与不锈钢(SUS 821L1)复合板爆炸焊接质量的影响. 使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件，并结合两种不同算法(ALE法、SPH-FEM耦合法)，对不同基复板间距(1.2 mm，2.2 mm，3.5 mm)下的爆炸焊接过程进行了三维数值模拟. 模拟结果显示，在ALE法和SPH-FEM耦合法两种算法下，三组模拟复板竖向位移均达到或超过基复板间距，碰撞速度与碰撞角度均位于焊接窗口有效区间内. 此外，随着间距增大，复板碰撞速度和碰撞角呈现正向增长趋势，其中间距为3.5 mm时，复合板表现出最佳焊接质量. 模拟验证了两种算法均适用于钛合金(TP 270C)与不锈钢(SUS 821L1)的爆炸焊接. 三种间距下钛合金(TP 270C)与不锈钢(SUS 821L1)可实现稳定复合，随着间距的增大，焊接界面的结合强度逐渐提高.
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关键词:
- 间距 /
- 爆炸焊接 /
- ALE算法 /
- SPH-FEM耦合算法
Abstract: The effects of stand-off distance on explosive welding quality between titanium (TP 270C) and stainless steel (SUS 821L1) composite plates, were investigated. The 3D numerical simulations were conducted with the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software by 2 algorithms (the ALE method and the SPH-FEM coupling method) for 3 stand-off distances: 1.2 mm, 2.2 mm and 3.5 mm. The simulation results show that, for both algorithms the vertical displacements of flyer plates reach or exceed respective stand-off distances. The collision velocities and angles consistently fall within the acceptable range of the welding window. The collision velocity and angle exhibit positive correlations with increasing stand-off distances. Optimal welding quality occurs at the 3.5 mm stand-off distance. The results verify that both algorithms effectively simulate explosive welding between the TP 270C titanium alloy and the SUS 821L1 stainless steel. Stable bonding is achievable across all tested stand-off distances. Moreover, the interfacial bonding strength increases progressively with the stand-off distance, which demonstrates an enhancement mechanism in welding quality through parameter optimization.-
Key words:
- stand-off distance /
- explosive welding /
- ALE algorithm /
- SPH-FEM coupling algorithm
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图 4 不同间距下特征单元时间-位移曲线
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 4. Displacement-time curves of the characteristic elements under different stand-off distances
图 6 不同算法下特征单元碰撞速度-时间曲线
Figure 6. Collision velocity-time curves of feature elements under different algorithms
表 1 爆炸焊接几何参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of explosive welding
material size/(mm×mm×mm) stand-off distance/mm TP 270C 200×100×3 SUS 821L1 200×100×3 1.2，2.2，3.5 ANFO-A 200×100×28 
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表 2 铵油炸药JWL状态方程参数
Table 2. The JWL model for ammonium oil explosives and its state equation parameters
parameter A/GPa B/GPa R1 R2 ω value 49.4 0.423 5.3 1.2 0.21
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表 3 Johnson-Cook材料模型参数
Table 3. Johnson-Cook material model parameters
material A/MPa B/MPa n c m TP 270C 214 356 0.44 0.026 1.08 SUS 821L1 577 1 100 0.50 0.015 0.70
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表 4 Gruneisen状态方程参数
Table 4. Parameters of Gruneisen's equation of state
material C0/(m·s-1) S1 γ TP 270C 5 090 1.536 1.23 SUS 821L1 4 569 1.490 2.17
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表 5 材料参数
Table 5. Material parameters
material ρ/(g·cm-3) σb/MPa C0/(m·s-1) Hv/GPa Tm/K cp/(J·kg-1·K-1) TP 270C 4.51 601 5 090 1.60 1 941 520 SUS 821L1 7.80 729 4 569 2.94 1 811 500
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表 6 不同算法下特征单元峰值速度
Table 6. Peak velocities of feature elements under different algorithms
stand-off distance/mm algorithm vp/(m·s-1) 1.2 ALE 377 SPH-FEM 380 2.2 ALE 422 SPH-FEM 424 3.5 ALE 529 SPH-FEM 537
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