小流量工况下汽轮机低压缸流动换热特性分析

王新龙; 刘众元; 张嘉杰; 马素霞; 李勇; 屈治国

doi:10.21656/1000-0887.460162

小流量工况下汽轮机低压缸流动换热特性分析

doi: 10.21656/1000-0887.460162

王新龙^1,,
刘众元²,
张嘉杰^{1, 2, ,},
马素霞^{1, 2},
李勇¹,
屈治国³

1.
太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院，太原 030024
2.
怀柔实验室山西研究院，太原 030032
3.
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室，西安 710049

(本刊青年编委李勇来稿)

基金项目:

山西省科技重大专项 202201090301001

详细信息

作者简介:
王新龙(2000—)，男，硕士生(E-mail: 18919044734@163.com)

通讯作者:
张嘉杰(1988—)，男，教授，博士(通信作者. E-mail: zhangjiajie@tyut.edu.cn)

中图分类号: TK26
计量
- 文章访问数: 46
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-04
- 修回日期: 2025-11-15
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-01

Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Steam Turbine Low-Pressure Cylinder Under Low Flow Conditions

Wang Xinlong^1
,,
Liu Zhongyuan²,
Zhang Jiajie^{1, 2
, ,},
Ma Suxia^{1, 2},
Li Yong¹,
Qu Zhiguo³

1.
College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
2.
Shanxi Research Institute of Huairou Laboratory, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
3.
Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China

(Contributed by Li Yong, Member of the Youth Editorial Board of AMM)

摘要

摘要: 随着供热机组普遍实施低压缸零出力改造，汽轮机低压缸经常需要在极低流量下运行. 为深入理解这一工况下的流动行为，本研究以某电厂汽轮机低压缸为例，构建了末级流道的数值计算模型，通过仿真分析变工况特别是小流量条件下缸内流动状态与气动性能，着重观察了末级流场结构和动叶片表面的温度变化. 研究发现，在小流量运行时，低压缸末级内会发生气流分离和回流，分离最初出现在动叶根部，随着流量降低逐渐向叶顶蔓延. 通道内生成局部涡流，动叶进口处出现负攻角，对蒸汽的正常流动形成明显阻碍. 当负荷下降至15%THA(即额定负荷的15%)时，末级静叶顶端出汽边开始出现局部高温区，显示出鼓风加热效应；随着流量进一步减少，高温区域不断扩大，最高温度持续上升. 在负荷降至10%THA时，动叶表面最高温度相比额定工况上升了40.29%. 该研究为实施零出力改造后的供热机组低压缸安全运行提供了参考依据.
- 小流量 /
- 低压缸流场 /
- 鼓风加热 /
- 喷水减温
Abstract: With the widespread implementation of zero-output transformation of low-pressure cylinders in heating units, the low-pressure cylinders of steam turbines often need to operate at extremely low flow rates. To get a deeper understanding of the flow behavior under this working condition, the low-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine in a certain power plant was studied, a numerical calculation model for the final-stage flow channel was constructed, and the structure of the final-stage flow field and the temperature changes on the surface of the moving blades were inspected through simulation analysis of the flow state and aerodynamic performance in the cylinder under variable working conditions, especially at low flow rates. The research results indicate that, at low flow rates, the gas separation and backflow will occur in the final stage of the low-pressure cylinder. The separation initially occurs at the moving blade root and gradually spreads to the blade top as the flow rate decreases. Local vortices emerge in the channel, and a negative attack angle appears at the moving blade inlet, which significantly hinders the normal steam flow. When the load drops to 15%THA, a local high-temperature zone will appear at the steam outlet edge on the top of the last stage stator blade, showing the blower heating effect. As the flow rate further decreases, the high-temperature area will keep expanding and the maximum temperature will continue to rise. When the load decreases to 10%THA, the maximum surface temperature of the moving blade will rise by 40.29% compared with the rated working condition. This research provides a reference basis for the safe operation of the low-pressure cylinder of the heating unit after the zero-output transformation.
- small flow /
- low-pressure cylinder flow field /
- windage heating /
- spray attemperation
edited-by

edited-by
注释:

1) (本刊青年编委李勇来稿)

HTML全文

图 1 流体域几何模型

Figure 1. The geometry model for the fluid domain

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图 2 动叶片面网格

Figure 2. The rotor surface mesh

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图 3 网格无关性验证

Figure 3. Grid independence verification

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图 4 静叶和动叶y+值分布

注为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.

Figure 4. Distribution of y+ values of the stator and the rotor

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图 5 汽轮机低压缸不同负荷下性能指标

Figure 5. Performance indicators of the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine under different loads

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图 6 不同负荷下低压缸末级流场

Figure 6. The last-stage flow field of the low-pressure cylinder under different loads

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图 7 不同负荷下叶根处流场

Figure 7. Flow fields at leaf roots under different loads

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图 8 不同负荷下子午面温度

Figure 8. Meridional temperature contours under different loads

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图 9 不同负荷下动叶片表面温度

Figure 9. Surface temperature contours of moving blades under different loads

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